Hello my beloved students,

Welcome back to my blog

Today we will take about how to leave a message (in workplace)

Jadi hari ini kita akan belajar tentang bagaimana meninggalkan pesan dalam sebuah telephone khususnya di lingkungan kerja.

Okay, let me ask you some questions first?

1. Have you ever made a phone call? (pernahkan kamu menelpon seseorang)

2. What do you say first? (kata apa yang kamu katakan pertama kali)

3.   Have you ever received a call? (pernahkah kamu menerima telepon?)

4. What do you ask the caller? ( apa yang kamu tanyakan ke penelpon?)

5. What do you say if the caller wants to speak to your father but he is not at home? What do you say when you want the caller to leave a message? ( jika ada si penelpon ingin berbicara dengan ayahmu tapi beliau tidak di rumah, apa yang kamu katakan agar penelepon meninggalkan pesan?)

Jadi gambarannya seperti itu ya, namun yang kita pelajari lebih khusus yaitu tentang etika menelepon dan bagaimana cara mengungkapkan ketika meninggalkan pesan di dunia kerja.

Now, please pay attention to the dialog!

Secretary            : Good morning. Gama Corporation. Can I help you?

Caller                  : Good morning. May I speak to Mr Fahrur Assegaf, please?

Secretary            : Who’s speaking, please?

Caller                  : This is Apryan Siregar of Horasindo Oil Company.

Secretary            : I beg your pardon, Sir.

Could you spell your first name, please?

Caller                  : Alfa-Papa-Romeo-Yankee-Alfa-November. That’s APRYAN.

Secretary            : Thank you, Mr Apryan Siregar. Just a moment, please.

Caller                  : All right.

Secretary            : I’m sorry, Sir.

Mr Assegaf is in a meeting with the Board now.

Caller                  : That’s OK! He is the Headboard. Can I leave a message?

Secretary            : With pleasure, Sir.

Caller                  : Please tell him to call me back at 1 p.m. today.

Secretary            : Right, Sir. Could I have your phone number, please?

Caller                  : Sure. +62-817-410-4496. Have you got that?

Secretary            : Yes, Sir. +62-817-410-4496. Anything else, Sir?

Caller                  : Is Mr Rahmat, his assistant, in?

Secretary            : I’m sorry, Sir. He is attending a seminar in Ogan Hotel. Could I take your message, Sir?

Caller                  : Emm... please tell him that I’ll come to see him at 9 tomorrow morning.

Secretary            : Right, Sir. I’ll give your message.

Caller                  : OK. Thank you for your help.

 1. Who is the caller'? (The caller is Mr Apryan Siregar.)

2. Whom does he want to speak to'?

3. What does the secretary say to know who is calling'?

4. What does she say to clarify the caller’s name'?

5. How does the caller spell his name'?

6. What does he say when he wants to leave a message'?

7. What does the caller want Mr Assegaf to do'?

8.What is his message to Mr Rahmat'? 9. What does the secretary say to know the caller’s phone number'?

10.What does she say to end the conversation'?

  Vocabulary:

board (kb)             : Dewan Direksi

headboard (kb)   : Pimpinan Dewan Direksi

attend (kkt)           : menghadiri

Vocabulary:

board (kb)             : Dewan Direksi

headboard (kb)   : Pimpinan Dewan Direksi

attend (kkt)           : menghadiri

Cara menuliskan dalam pesan dalam sebuah memo sebagai berikut!

It’s so easy, isn’t it? Cukup mudah dimengerti, ya.

 The summary atau rangkumannya ada di bawah ini

 Do you still remember:

how the secretary greets the caller?

what the caller says to inform his/her purpose?

what the secretary says to inform that the one the caller wants to speak to is not in?

Here are words and expressions usually used in formal telephoning.

To make a call

Greetings (Good morning/afternoon/evening). May I speak to ..., please?

I’m ...(your name) from ...(your company’s name) I’m calling about ...(your purpose) Could you put me through to Mr/Mrs...? Could I leave a message?

Could you take my message for Mr/Mrs...?

To receive a call

Greetings (Good morning/afternoon/evening)+ name of your company.

Can I help you?                                                  May I help you?

Who’s calling, please?                                       Who’s speaking, please?

May I have your name, please?                           Could I have your number?

Hold on, please.                                                Just a moment, please.

I’m sorry. The line is engaged.                            Sorry, Sir/Ma’am. The line is busy.
I’ll put you through to Mr/Mrs...

Do you want to hold on, or call again later?

Can I take your message?

Could you speak up, please? It’s a terrible connection.

 Hello Good Students,

 Welcome back to my blog.

Kali ini kita akan membahas tentang ungkapan menawarkan dalam bahasa Inggris.

Have you ever offered  some help to your friends? Pernah nggak menawarkan bantuan? Pasti pernah, ya.

When you do it? (Kapan kalian menawarkan bantuan itu)

Pasti jawabannya saat melihat orang sedang kesulitan.

Nah, dalam Bahasa Inggris, ada banyak ungkapan menawarkan bantuan. Dari yang formal atau resmi sampai yang informal/ casual atau tidak resmi.

Now pay attention to the dialog:

Dian: Owh, I have difficulties in doing my fieldwork report. I don’t know how to write it.

Firdaus: Can I give you a hand? I’ve finished doing it.

Dian: That’s very kind of you. Thank you.

Manakah  ungkapan menawarkan bantuan?

That’s right, ungkapan “Can I give you a hand?”

Lalu bagaimana orang merespon saat  ditawari bantuan?

Yupp..kata-kata “That’s very kind of you. Thank you.” (terima kasih kamu sangat baik hati, sekali.)

Itu ungkapan jika kamu menerima. Jika tidak cukup jawab, “ No, thanks.”

Perhatikan ungkapan menawarkan bantuan yang lain berikut ini!

Offering Help

Formal

• May I help you?
• Can I help you?
• Are you looking for something?
• Would you like some help?
• Do you need some help?
• What can I do for you today?
• Can I give you a hand?
• Can I give you a favor?

Informal (Always use "some" words when offering someone something.)

Use these phrases when offering something in an everyday situation:

• How about some help?
• What about some favor?
• What do you say about some...?
• Are you up for some...?

Accepting Offers ( Menerima tawaran)

Accepting offers is just as important, or even more important, than offering things. Make sure to thank your host. If you don't want to accept an offer, politely refuse. Offering an excuse is also a good idea in order not to offend your host.

Saat seseorang menawarkan bantuan dan kamu ingin menerimanya kamu bisa memberi jawaban dengan ungkapan berikut

The following phrases are commonly used when accepting offers:

• Thank you.
• I'd love to.
• I'd love some.
• That would be nice.
• Thank you. I'd like it
• That’s very kind of you  ( Kamu sangat baik sekali)

Refusing Offers ( Menolak  tawaran)

Saat seseorang menawarkan bantuan dan  tapi kamu  tidak ingin menerimanya kamu bisa memberi jawaban dengan ungkapan berikut.

Catt: Tetap berlaku dengan sopan sambil mengucapkan terima kasih.

• Thank you, but...
• That's very kind. Unfortunately, I...
• I'd like to, but...

Some mini-dialogues containing these asking phrases might be:

• Bob: Can I get you something to drink?
• Mary: Yes, that would be nice. Thank you.
• Jack: May I offer you some tea?
• Doug: Thank you.
• Alex: Would you like some lemonade?
• Susan: That would be nice. Thanks for offering.

Mini-dialogues containing offering phrases in informal situations would be:

• Dan: What about something to drink?
• Helga: Sure, do you have any scotch?
• Judy: Are you up for some dinner?
• Zina: Hey, thanks. What's on the menu?
• Keith: What do you say about going bowling?
• Bob: That sounds like a good idea!

Examples of using polite refusals in dialogue include:

• Jane: Would you like some cookies?
• David: Thank you, but I'm on a diet.
• Allison: How about a cup of tea?
• Pat: I'd like to have a cup of tea. Unfortunately, I'm late for a meeting. Can I take a rain check?
• Avram: How about some wine?
• Tom: No thank you. I'm watching my weight.

 Dyeing

Dyeing textile involved immersing or dipping a fibre, yarn or fabric in a colour pigment to change its colour. We have been doing this for centuries and will continue to dye fabrics for many centuries to come. Colour is known as a pigment and the way of keeping (fixing) the colour is to use a mordant, a chemical that fixes the dye to help prevent loss of colour when washing or wearing the product. To be successful at dyeing you must:

• Achieve the right colour
• Make sure the colour is fixed (often called colour fastness) so it does not run or wash out
• Make sure the colour is even throughout
• Make sure the dye does not damage the fibre, yarn, or fabric
• Make sure you can repeat the process and match the colour.

Stages of dye application

When we go to the market we find it is not only fabrics which are dyed but sewing threads and knitting yarns are also available as dyed materials.

1.   Chemical Dyeing

This is the method that uses pigment (chemical dyes with salts added to fix the dye; these can be made up with water. The fibres, yarns or fabric are then immersed in the dye bath until the depth of colour is achieved.

2.   Natural Dyeing

Natural and vegetable dyes were the first-known dye pigments and with the move to be more environmentally friendly are becoming popular again. These work best with natural and regenerated fibres and fabrics and require a mordant to fix them to the fibres. With natural dye,s it is difficult to reproduce the exact shade each time.

3.   Industrial Dyeing

Industrial dyeing can be done at the following stages:

1.     Fibre Stage

Both natural and manmade fibres can be dyed at this stage. It gives very uniform dyeing and fast colours. But there is a lot of wastage during further processing of fibres. Fibres are dyed in vats until the dye has penetrated the fibre to give good uniform colour and fastness.

2.     Yarn stage

Sometimes yarns are also dyed, especially when they have to be sold as such. Hence in embroidery thread, sewing threads, and knitting yarn, dyeing is done at the yarn stage. Dye penetrates will but take-up may not be as uniform as when dyeing fibres then making them into yarns.

3.     Liquid Polymer Stage

The polymer (artificial fibre) is coloured before extrusion so the dye is part of the fibre and gives excellent colour fastness.

4.     Fabric stage

This is the most popular stage of dying. Most of the fabrics which are dyed in a single solid colour are dyed at this stage. This method is a fast method and it is easy to match colours. Blended fabrics can also be dyed.

This is quite a cost-effective method because manufacturers can hold undyed fabric and dye it when needed, depending on changing fashions and demand. Cross-dyeing, where two different yarns have been used, which take up the dye at different rates, gives patterned effects such as stripes and checks.

Dyeing at the fabric sage is often known as piece dyeing, and the process can be batch (fabric pieces are held in the dye), continuous (fabric goes through dye pads and rollers) or semi-continuous (fabric goes through dye pads but is held for a time to set the colour).

5.     Garment Dyeing

Sometimes, after stitching the garment, there is a need to dye it, for example, dupattas for suits are dyed after making.

4.   Dip Dyeing

The fabric is dipped but not immersed to take up some dye on only part of the fabric or more depth of colour on part of the fabric; then it may be dipped again to get two or more colours blending together. This can be done in the classroom and achieves a popular patterned effect.

5.   Resist Dyeing

In resist dyeing a piece of fabric is dyed but part of the fabric is made to resist the absorption of dye as necessary to give a patterned effect.

6.   Tie Dyeing

In tie-dyeing, the fabric is wrapped, tied or folded in section to stop the absorption of the dye. The fabric is then put in the dye bath and left for the required time. A multi-coloured effect can be achieved if the fabric is untied after the first colour is set a and the re-tied and redyed in the second colour. Items such as buttons and pebbles can also be tied into to get further types of patterns. The tied dye effect is popular for T-shirts and soft furnishing.

7.   Batik

Batik is the resist method of using melted wax, a flour mixture or gutta, which is applied to the fabric in patterns to resist the dye when dry. The item is either dipped into the dye bath or the fabric is stretched on a frame and dye is painted on to the fabric. Sometimes cracks appear in the resist giving a cracked effect. Silk and cotton fabrics are best for this method.

8.   Tritik

This is similar to Batik but the resist is made up of tightly pulled stitches instead of was. Again this method works best with cotton and silk.

9.   Shibori

This is a folding process, where dye is added to the folded fabric, which then steamed to set the dye. Unfolding the fabric reveals a sculptured effect.

Dyes and Sources of Dyes

The dyes which are used for colouring fabrics can be classified according to their sources.

Working Principle Of Air Jet Loom 

Air jet weaving machines were invented in Czechoslovakia and later refined by the Swiss, Dutch, and Japanese were designed to retain the tension less aspect of the picking action of the water jet while eliminating the problems caused by the use of water.

Air Jet Loom:
The air jet weaving machine combines high performance with low manufacturing requirements. It has an extremely high insertion rate. Due to its exceptional performance, air jet machines are used primarily for the economical production of standard fabrics, covering a wide range of styles. Meanwhile, more and more niches and special fabric segments are covered; heavy cotton fabrics such as denim, terry fabrics, glass fabrics, etc.

Air Jet Weaving Machine

Main Parts of Air Jet Loom for Weft Insertion:

1) TENSIONER: Additive disk type tensioner is used for weft insertion which maintain proper tension in the weft yarn.

2) WEFT BREAK SENSOR: It is an electric sensor which detect any weft break in the region between weft package and accumulator and automatically stop the loom in case any weft break.

3) ACCUMULATOR: It is adevice which fitted between weft package and main nozzle that unwinds a predetermined length of weft from the package and store it in the form of no. of coils on a cylindrical drum. This yarn then fed in to insertion device.

4) STOPPER: It is an electronically controlled electromagnetic device integrated along with the accumulator. Its function in releasing the yarn at starts of insertion and stop it at the end of insertion.

5) BALLOON BREAKER: It is fitted just after accumulator, its function is to separate the balloon formation. So as to reduce as ballooning tension as well as minimize the tension fluctuation. It is generally used for coarser yarn.

You may also like: Reduction of Air Consumption on Air-jet Weaving Machine

6) FIXED MAIN NOZZLE: Its function is to form the air jet from compressed air with the required velocity and acceleration characteristics and project it in a proper direction in to air guide channel.

7) RELAY NOZZLE OR SUB NOZZLE: Fitted in series along the sley. It creates an additional air flow in the direction of air jet. So as to comensate the loss of air velocity.

8) PROFILE REED: Here the reed is profiled. So as to form a guide channel which guide the air jet as well as weft during insertion.

9) WEFT CUTTER: It is cam operated device fitted in the region between the moveable main nozzle and the reed at picking side. Its function is to gripping and cutting the weft after every pick at around beat-up.

10) AIR GUIDE CHANNEL: It is formed on the reed. Its function is guiding and confining the free expansion of the air jet in order to maintain the velocity over larger distance as possible.

11) WEFT DETECTOR: It is an optical device fitted at the end of reed at the receiving side. Its function is to check the arrival of weft at the receiving side .In case of late arrival or miss pick, then it sense and automatically stopped the loom.

12) STRETCH NOZZLE: Located just beside the weft detector .It supplement the effect of enhanced stretching action on the weft by the closely spaced relay nozzle at the end of insert ion. So as to prevent the chance of weft recoiling due to action of stopper.

13) SELVEDGE CUTTER: Located at the receiving side. It is an electronically operated mechanical device which cut the weft yarn extending between fabric and auxiliary selvedge .So as to separate the auxiliary selvedge which is passed out as a waste.

The yarn is pulled from the supply package at a constant speed, which is regulated by the rollers, located with the measuring disk just in front of the yarn package. The measuring disk removes a length of yarn appropriate to the width of the fabric being woven. A clamp holds the yarn in an insertion storage area, where an auxiliary air nozzle forms it into the shape of a hairpin.

The main nozzle begins blowing air so that the yarn is set in motion as soon as clamp opens. The hairpin shape is stretched out as the yarn is blown into the guiding channel of the reed with the shed open. The yarn is carried through the shed by the air currents emitted by the relay nozzles along the channel. The initial propulsive force is provided by a main nozzle. Electronically controlled relay nozzles provide additional booster jets to carry the yarn across the shed. The maximum effective width for air-jet weaving machines is about 355 cm. At the end of the each insertion cycle the clamp closes; the yarn is beaten in, and then cut, after the shed is closed. Again some selvage-forming device is required to provide stability to the edges of the fabric.

These weaving machines use a jet of air to propel the weft yarn through the shed at rates of up to 600 ppm. Date from manufacturers indicate that air-jet looms operate at speed up to 2200 meters of pick inserted per minute. They can weave multicolored yarns to make plaids and are available with both dobby and jacquard patterning mechanism.

Air jet weaving is more popular because the machines cost less to purchase, install, operate, and maintain than rapier or projectile weaving machines, and the air jet can be used on a broader variety of yarns than a water jet.