A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water,
sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land.
These walls of water can cause widespread destruction when they crash
ashore.
These awe-inspiring waves are typically caused by large, undersea
earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries. When the ocean floor at a plate
boundary rises or falls suddenly, it displaces the water above it and launches
the rolling waves that will become a tsunami.
Most tsunami, about 80 percent, happen within the Pacific Ocean's
"Ring of Fire," a geologically active area where tectonic shifts make
volcanoes and earthquakes common.
Tsunamis may also be caused by underwater landslides or volcanic
eruptions. They may even be launched, as they frequently were in Earth's
ancient past, by the impact of a large meteorite plunging into an ocean.
Tsunamis race across the sea at up to 500 miles (805 kilometers) an hour
— about as fast as a jet airplane. At that pace they can cross the entire
expanse of the Pacific Ocean in less than a day. And their long wavelengths
mean they lose very little energy along the way.
A tsunami's trough, the low point beneath the wave's crest, often reaches
shore first. When it does, it produces a vacuum effect that sucks coastal water
seaward and exposes harbor and sea floors. This retreating of sea water is an
important warning sign of a tsunami, because the wave's crest and its enormous
volume of water typically hit shore five minutes or so later. Recognizing this
phenomenon can save lives.
A tsunami is usually composed of a series waves, called a wave train, so
its destructive force may be compounded as successive waves reach shore. People
experiencing a tsunami should remember that the danger may not have passed with
the first wave and should await official word that it is safe to return to
vulnerable locations.
Some tsunamis do not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but
instead resemble a quickly surging tide that inundates coastal areas.
1.
Why did the
author write the report?
A. To raise people'
awareness about tsunami.
B. To warn people about an
upcoming tsunami.
C. To inform people about past
tsunamis.
D. To inform people about
the different types of tsunami.
2.
Tsunamis are
usually the result of ...
A. The sudden rise or
fall of ocean floors
B. Pacific Oceans "Ring of
Fire"
C. The awe-inspiring waves
D. Volcanoes
3.
From the text,
we know that Tsunami can be very destructive because ...
A. They come after
earthquakes
B. They are caused by volcanic
eruptions
C. They are tall, fast, forceful and
repetitive
D. They occur suddenly
4.
"Some
tsunami do not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but instead resemble a
quickly surging tide that inundates coastal areas." The word
is closest in meaning to ...
A. Covers
B. Fills
C. Attacks
D. Submerges
SOLAR ENERGY
Solar energy is one great alternative for future energy sources. It is
environmentally friendly and is renewable, thus making it an excellent energy
source.
According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA);
enough sunlight reaches the earth’s surface every year to produce approximately
1.000 times the amount of energy produced by burning all fossil fuels mined and
extracted during the same time period.
As with most renewable energy systems, the initial costs of setting up
these solar energy projects is quite expensive. However, the savings on
electricity bills in the long-term should make up for this and year after year,
the costs of these solar energy are falling which will make it more affordable
and widespread.
Solar energy will also be powering some 70.000 homes and several hundred
businesses in Britain soon after the government announced a £ 10 million
investment into photovoltaic (PV) technologies over the next three years.
Photovoltaic cells provide an unlimited supply of free power by
converting sunlight into electricity using modern semiconductors. Vast array of
these cells will be placed on roofs and walls around the country to provide
buildings with a renewable source of energy for lighting, heating, and storage.
Street lighting and traffic signals can also benefit from this power
supply further reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear energy.
5.
The first
paragraph discusses .......
A. Solar energy for
future source of energy
B. How to convert sunlight into
electricity
C. The amount of energy produced by
sunlight
D. The cost of setting up
sollar energy project
E. The use of modern semiconductors
to product electricity
6.
From the text,
we know that solar energy ....
A. Does not harm
B. Is nota good energy source
C. Can not renewed
D. Is not efficient
E. Is expensive
7.
Using solar
energy will reduce our expenditure on ....
A. Heating
B. Traffic signals
C. Street lightning
D. Electricity bills
E. Converting the sunlight
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes
reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land.
These awe-inspiring waves are typically caused by large, undersea earthquakes
at tectonic plate boundaries. When the ocean floor at a plate boundary rises or
falls suddenly, it displaces the water above it and launches the rolling waves
that will become a tsunami.
Most tsunami, about 80 percent, happen within the Pacific Ocean's
"Ring of Fire," a geologically active area where tectonic shifts make
volcanoes and earthquakes common.
Tsunamis race across the sea at up to 500 miles (805 kilometers) an hour
— about as fast as a jet airplane. At that pace they can cross the entire
expanse of the Pacific Ocean in less than a day. And their long wavelengths
mean they lose very little energy along the way.
Some tsunamis do not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but
instead resemble a quickly surging tide that inundates coastal areas.
8. Tsunamis are usually the result of ...
A. The sudden rise or fall
of ocean floors
B. Pacific Oceans
"Ring of Fire"
C. The awe-inspiring waves
D. Volcanoes
9.
From the text,
we know that Tsunami can be very destructive because ...
A. They come after earthquakes
B. They are caused by volcanic eruptions
C. They are tall, fast, forceful and repetitive
D. They have a vacuum effect
10.
"Some tsunami do not appear on shore as massive
breaking waves but ..... (Paragraph 8) The word massive
is closest in meaning to ...
A. big
B. little
C. Fills
D.
Attacks
Flood is an overflow of
water that soaks or covers land. Floods are the most frequent type of natural
disaster worldwide. It can be caused by several things and from the effect of
human behavior. The most common cause is because of the over capacity of the
body of water, e.g. river or lake. As a result some of the water flows outside
of the body of water. It can also occur in rivers, when the strength of the
river is so high that it flows right out of the river channel. A flood from sea
may be caused by a heavy storm, a high tide, a tsunami, or a combination the
three.
Soil and vegetation absorbs
most of the surface water, floods happen when there are lack of trees and the
soil alone cannot absorb all the water. The water then runs off the land in
quantities that cannot be carried in stream channels or kept in natural ponds
or man-made reservoirs. A flood can also be caused by blocked sewage pipes and
waterways, such as the Jakarta flood.
There are several types of
flood. Periodic floods occur naturally on many rivers, forming an area known as
the flood plain. These river floods usually result from heavy rain, sometimes
combined with melting snow, which causes the rivers to overflow their banks. A
flood that rises and falls rapidly with little or no advance warning is called
a flash flood.
11. What
is author’s purpose in writing this text?
A. To persuade people to avoid flood
B. To give information how flood appear
C. To tell the experience getting flood
D. To announce to others about flood
12. The
reason why flood come is ...
A. the good capacity of the body of water
B. many of trees and the soil alone can absorb all the water
C. blocked sewage pipes and waterways
D. the melting ice in north pole
13. falls
rapidly with little or no
advance warning ( paragrah 4).The word “rapidly” has the closest meaning with ...
A. Consistently
B. quickly
C. Affective
D. Inflammable
Orangutans
or Pongo pygmaeus belong to the Primate order. The orangutans spend most of
their time in trees. Each evening they build a new treetop nest. They are
endangered because of habitat loss and poachers keep on killing, owning and
exporting orangutans. They live on the island of Borneo and in the northern
corner of the island of Sumatra.
Orangutans
are characterized by rough, long, reddish-brown fur. Male orangutans are about
95 cm (37 in) in length and about 77 kg (170 lb) in weight. Females are
smaller, reaching about 78 cm (31 in) in height and weighing only about 37 kg
(81 lb). The male has puffy cheeks and a hanging throat-pouch. This pouch
contains air sacks that help produce a groaning, bubbling call, which can be
heard at least 1 km (0.6 mi) away.
Half
of orangutan’s diet consists of fruits, but they also eat young leaves, soft
inner bark, termites, eggs, and occasionally monkeys.
When a female is ready to mate, she will seek
out an adult male. Orangutans are mammals, females give birth to a single
infant about once every four to eight years. The gestation period for
orangutans is just under nine months, nearly the same as in human beings.
Infants stay very close to their mothers for the first three years until they
don’t consume their mother’s milk.
14. What
is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Orangutans
mostly eat fruits.
B. Orangutans are mammals.
C. Female
orangutans seek out adult males.
D. Orangutans
give birth to a single infant.
E. How
many infants orangutans produce
15. How
long is orangutans’ nursing period?
A. Three years.
B. Four
years.
C. Eight
years.
D. Nine
months.
E. A
year.
16. We
know from the text that ….
A. Orangutans
spend his time on the ground
B. The number of orangutans is limited in the wild
C. The
food orangutans eat is only fruit
D. Male
Orangutans choose female orang utan to breed
E. Female
orangutans produce sounds using their pouch
17. Why
do people kill orangutans?
A. Because
they want to consume their meat.
B. Because
they attack human beings.
C. Because
they want to cut the trees.
D. Because they want to make their baby a pet.
E. Because
they want to take their fur.
18. “Orangutans are characterized by rough, long, reddish-brown fur.” (Paragraph
4)
The underlined word has
similar meaning with … .
A. uneven
B. rugged
C. stiff
D. coarse
E. smooth
19. Orang
Utans can produce sound that is … loud … it can be heard at least 1 km away.
The correct
conjunction to complete the sentence is ....
A. too; to
B. so; that
C. not only; but also
D. either; or
E. neither; nor
20. Infants stay very close to their mothers for the first three years
until they don’t consume their mother’s milk.
The underlined word refers to ….
A. mothers
B. infants
C. milk
D. males
E. females
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